The reduction in temperature is noted at a low spindle speed (Vc), which is due to the discontinuous chip formation. The temperature and cutting forces are measured by using a FLIR infrared thermal image camera and piezoelectric dynamometer. The monolayer titanium nitride–coated solid carbide insert tool CNMG120412 (80° diamond shaped with a nose radius of 1.2 mm) has been used to perform the experiments.
The influences of input parameters on output responses, such as temperature rise, cutting force, tool wear, and surface roughness, are investigated. This study investigates the machining characteristics of stir-cast AA6351-boron carbide composite under dry condition. In the tests performed it was possible to quantitatively analyze roughness differences between ceramic blocks and to find that a quantitative microscale analysis allows to identify the largest variation of roughness parameters Raavg, Rasdv, Ramin and Ramax between samples, which benefit the evaluation and comparison of the sampled surfaces. The evaluation tools presented in this new method provide a local and more accurate evaluation of the computed coefficients. This work proposes a new method to evaluate surface roughness, starting from the generation of a visual surface roughness signature, which is calculated through the roughness parameters computed in hierarchically organized regions.
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In civil engineering, the process is performed with mechanical profilometer equipment (2D) without adequate accuracy and laser profilometer (3D) with no consensus on how to interpret the result quantitatively. Geometric analysis allows a visual and subjective evaluation of roughness (a qualitative assessment), whereas computation of the roughness parameters is a quantitative assessment and allows a standardized analysis of the surfaces. Several techniques have been presented to achieve this goal, including geometrical analysis and surface roughness analysis. Quality evaluation of a material’s surface is performed through roughness analysis of surface samples. We consider it is highly relevant to assess QoL (Quality of life), BI and SE in patients after a lower limb amputation process. SE (Self-Esteem) seems to be an aspect that is not significantly affected by lower limb amputation, although these patients scored a lower mean on the RSE scale compared to the control group.
The results also show that amputation has a significant influence on the BI (Body image) of patients with unilateral transtibial amputations. People living with amputations had a lower mean score on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale than controls (34.44 ± 4.61 v 36.04 ± 3.63). These patients present a significantly lower mean score (p = 0.002) in the MBSRQ (Body-Self Relations Questionnaire) body image questionnaire: 2.64 ± 0.49 opposed to 3.16 ± 0.55 in controls. People living with amputations present lower average levels than controls in all subscales of the SF-36 (Short Form 36 Health Survey) quality of life questionnaire, and in both the physical component summary and the mental component summary, although the difference is not statistically significant in the latter. This cross-sectional study aims to analyse the aesthetic concern represented by body image, self-esteem and quality of life in patients with unilateral transtibial amputations of lower limbs compared to control group. The results of this study would be one of the guidelines to the prosthetists using the Biosculptor in socket fabrication to produce sockets according to the suitable surface to cater to different requirements and levels of activity of each amputee.Īmputation represents a drastic impact on the patient’s body and perception. STANDARD surface required 43.2 min to be carved while FAST surface took almost only a third of the time compared to STANDARD surface (conventional socket takes 2–3 days). The Ra values of the conventional liner, 8.43 μm, were determined to be in-between the Ra values of STANDARD and FAST surfaces which were 8.33 μm and 8.58 μm respectively. The surface parameters were used to define the four different surfaces (STANDARD, FINE, COARSE, and FAST) and then compared with the same liner material from a conventionally fabricated socket. Three surface parameters chosen were the arithmetic average (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq), and ten-point height (Rz). This study aims to adopt the surface topography method in characterizing the four different surface roughness of polyethylene Pe-Lite liner as a product of the Biomill. The Biosculptor's CNC milling machine, the Biomill, offered four different surfaces machined on positive models.
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